The Sun Also Rises :: essays research papers

July's People is an account of a white family who experience life as individuals of color would in South Africa at that point. They leave their home and their employments in the United States and follow their worker, July, to live in an African clan. The entire time that they are living in Africa they rely upon July for endurance yet they despite everything treat him as a worker. July wishes that he would be dealt with additional as an equivalent yet close to that he wouldn't fret being their worker as long as he gets paid. The inversion of jobs, in this book, doesn't generally change individuals. It is as if they know where they remain with one another and that would never show signs of change. The Smales would consistently be above July, who might consistently be bound to be their hireling regardless of how much their lives relied upon him. Â Â Â Â Â In the United States the Smales were likely somewhat more wealthy than a normal family. The dad filled in as a designer and earned substantial sums of money, that is clear since they can bear the cost of a hireling. They choose to leave their home and to move to another and new spot. July drives them to his clan in Africa. The change happens in that spot, to the Smales United States is home however to July it is a remote spot, while Africa is the place July feels comfortable and the Smales feel like they are on another planet. Being aliens to this new place Smales rely upon July for endurance. Their failure to Goldenberg 2 speak with the locals and the way that they are the main whites in a clan muddles things. They rely upon July to get instruments, discover cover, and get food in addition to other things. Simultaneously they don't confide in him. They are continually speculating that he is taking from them, they get annoyed when he takes the truck with out their authorization, they feel like he is attempting to swindle them here and there. Â Â Â Â Â The Smales were never thought of as being a piece of the clan, they stuck out, on the grounds that they were white as well as on the grounds that they originated from an alternate culture. July remains their hireling all through the entire book. Neither of them, July nor the Smales, endeavored turning out to be old buddies and cooperating through the difficulties of war. July requests cash for all that he does and the Smales expect for him to deal with things.

Insight into Linear Programming - Understand It with Different Scenari

Direct the mirror for Rational A direct programming strategy shares a lot of practically speaking with the judicious dynamic model and thus, it very well may be seen that it is really a bit by bit imitation of it. The balanced dynamic model had its establishment laid over a structure of multi-step process model which recognizes, breaks down and chooses. Thus, straight programming characterizes, assesses and gives a choice from that point. The options are weighed up, and arranged for most ideal fit. The choice is based over streamlining by either expanding the benefits or limiting the expenses. Balanced dynamic sets up the difficult area also to straight programming into which true issues are mapped scientifically. At that point options are distinguished, picked and actualized like direct programming in which the most ideal option is executed and chosen for assessment of the worth. Genuine wold situation All things considered, ventures direct writing computer programs is incorporated for improvement issues which have limitations or conditions which are not dependent upon dynamism and have a steady pattern. For expanding the creation benefits and limiting the crude material cost, these strategies are effectively tried. Beginning from its improvement for military purposes, it is across the board into the business now for use in assembling, exchanging, wellbeing administrations, horticulture, arranging and planning, innovative work and so on. They are utilized for asset assignment issues for most ideal streamlining of restricted assets, for example, cash, manforce, vitality, innovation, employments, benefits and so on. It tends to be utilized for item blend problems,investment arranging, promoting planning, and mixing of system definitions. The characteristic methodology Direct writing computer programs is one of the began with scientific fields have its reality and practices into businesses and exchange these days. This is a dynamic method or a confirmation instrument to learn dependability and exactness of choices adopted with different models or strategies. It improves and refines the nature of dynamic by bringing together the outcomes from different spaces of working and structure. It is a lot of adaptable in its methodology and is fruitful in breaking down multi-dimensional issues. By consistent assessment and investigation, direct programming rehearses gives a database to sensible distribution of rare assets. It is an unmistakable edge over customary and ordinary illuminating techniques. Straight programming can give a point by point record of restrictions of the ventures to give streamlining to the objectives. For a quality dynamic utilizing direct programming process, it centers over the halfway zones or the potential bottlenecks happening in requirement or issue acknowledgment or plan. The cons of straight programming The genuine issues which may incorporate various factors of concern and different components of limitations and conditions can't be very much taken care of in the area of direct programming. Each issue can't be mapped into numerical terms and with regards to genuine with differing circumstances it is close to inconceivable or just truly tedious. There might be a few territories of imperative usage and every one of them can't be very much concealed like social, budgetary, or institutional changes. The best test supposition of straight nature of issues. In the hour of changes direct practices can just unravel a particular kind of advancement issues and consequently can't be placed enthusiastically in genuine space. Direct programming for the most part takes fragmentary qualities in account yet items typically take up whole number qualities. At long last, mapping the issues of this present reality to set of some direct conditions is troublesome.

How to Manage the Stress of Social Comparison

How to Manage the Stress of Social Comparison Stress Management Relationship Stress Print How to Manage the Stress of Social Media Social Comparison Give Yourself a Break From Stressful Social Comparisons! By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on May 28, 2019 Kevin Kozicki/ Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress A very telling study found that women report involvement with the social media site Pinterest as being stressful. The key stressor here is the social comparison that they find themselves engaging in. There are so many amazing projects to do, crafts to make, and ways to look at life, women find themselves feeling lacking. As one friend recently put it, Its the Martha Stewart Living of social media sites! Some people find Pinterest to be so engaging that it can eat up hours in their day that they had not planned to devote to social media, making a busy schedule much busier. However, the main stressor with Pinterest is people feeling that they do not measure up. Another trend that can be stressful for people is the phenomenon of people posting about their peak moments on social media sites like Facebook, but leaving off the negative events and drudgeryâ€"a somewhat common phenomenon that has been termed by one clever blogger as, Facebooking. It is natural for us to want to share our best moments with others, just as it is natural to avoid airing our dirty laundry or Garfielding (simply complaining about everything inconvenient in life, including Mondays) for fear of chasing off our friends. Time on social media lead to stress when people compare the exciting and blissful events they see in their Facebook feed (the highest moments in their friends lives) with their own stressors (the lowest moments in their own lives). Social comparison is nothing newâ€"it wasnt invented by social media, to be sure. However, situations like social media sites bring it into high relief. How can we enjoy the benefits of social mediaâ€"the bonding, the humor, the sharing of newsâ€"but avoid the stressors that come with social media social comparison and Fakebooking? Here are a few ideas: Remind Yourself That This Isnt Real Intellectually, we know that many people share their best moments on social media and keep their worst moments to themselves, but when all we see are the best of others, we can forget. It may help to remind yourself of this often. Talk to Your Friends It may also help to talk to your friends and be authentic; you may not want to post your personal challenges on social media for the world to see, but you can certainly talk to your friends in private and share your triumphs and your challenges. You can help each other this way. (And if most of your friends are competitive enough that they would rather share only their triumphs, find new friends who will share their challenges as well, and support you in yours.) Reframe Your View The technique of cognitive reframing can be quite helpful with stress. It can work well with sites like Pinterest as well. Rather than looking at the beautiful crafting ideas, clothing patterns, or workout plans on Pinterest as something you should be doing, view these pins as inspiration, or ideas for when life slows down. If you can get inspired by what you see, this can be a fun diversion; if you feel inadequate when you look at certain pins, either change your perspective or stop looking at those types of pins. (Here are some more tips on how to reframe your stress.) Take a Step Back If you find the stress of social media comes from the sheer time you spend using it, or the importance you place on it, it might be time to take a break (either cut down on your screen time for a while or take a few days off) and plug back into your life.

How to Manage the Stress of Social Comparison

How to Manage the Stress of Social Comparison Stress Management Relationship Stress Print How to Manage the Stress of Social Media Social Comparison Give Yourself a Break From Stressful Social Comparisons! By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on May 28, 2019 Kevin Kozicki/ Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress A very telling study found that women report involvement with the social media site Pinterest as being stressful. The key stressor here is the social comparison that they find themselves engaging in. There are so many amazing projects to do, crafts to make, and ways to look at life, women find themselves feeling lacking. As one friend recently put it, Its the Martha Stewart Living of social media sites! Some people find Pinterest to be so engaging that it can eat up hours in their day that they had not planned to devote to social media, making a busy schedule much busier. However, the main stressor with Pinterest is people feeling that they do not measure up. Another trend that can be stressful for people is the phenomenon of people posting about their peak moments on social media sites like Facebook, but leaving off the negative events and drudgeryâ€"a somewhat common phenomenon that has been termed by one clever blogger as, Facebooking. It is natural for us to want to share our best moments with others, just as it is natural to avoid airing our dirty laundry or Garfielding (simply complaining about everything inconvenient in life, including Mondays) for fear of chasing off our friends. Time on social media lead to stress when people compare the exciting and blissful events they see in their Facebook feed (the highest moments in their friends lives) with their own stressors (the lowest moments in their own lives). Social comparison is nothing newâ€"it wasnt invented by social media, to be sure. However, situations like social media sites bring it into high relief. How can we enjoy the benefits of social mediaâ€"the bonding, the humor, the sharing of newsâ€"but avoid the stressors that come with social media social comparison and Fakebooking? Here are a few ideas: Remind Yourself That This Isnt Real Intellectually, we know that many people share their best moments on social media and keep their worst moments to themselves, but when all we see are the best of others, we can forget. It may help to remind yourself of this often. Talk to Your Friends It may also help to talk to your friends and be authentic; you may not want to post your personal challenges on social media for the world to see, but you can certainly talk to your friends in private and share your triumphs and your challenges. You can help each other this way. (And if most of your friends are competitive enough that they would rather share only their triumphs, find new friends who will share their challenges as well, and support you in yours.) Reframe Your View The technique of cognitive reframing can be quite helpful with stress. It can work well with sites like Pinterest as well. Rather than looking at the beautiful crafting ideas, clothing patterns, or workout plans on Pinterest as something you should be doing, view these pins as inspiration, or ideas for when life slows down. If you can get inspired by what you see, this can be a fun diversion; if you feel inadequate when you look at certain pins, either change your perspective or stop looking at those types of pins. (Here are some more tips on how to reframe your stress.) Take a Step Back If you find the stress of social media comes from the sheer time you spend using it, or the importance you place on it, it might be time to take a break (either cut down on your screen time for a while or take a few days off) and plug back into your life.

Why True Innovators Must Behave Like Entrepreneurs

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Analysis of the Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Innovation According to the author, personal entrepreneurship is the ability of a person to trade in goods and services for the purposes of creating wealth for the individual, while personal innovation is the ability to generate new ideas for the purpose of creating new or improved products or services. The author further argued that organizational entrepreneurship is the knack of the registered business to exchange its goods and services for the purpose of generating profits, while organizational innovation is the knack of a registered company to come up with new products and services for improved delivery of products and services to its customers.†¦show more content†¦In their study Dyer., Gregersen., Christensen. (2009) discovered that great innovators of our time Apple’s Steve Jobs, Amazon’s Jeff Bezo and Skype cofounder Niklas Zennstrà ¶m are enthusiastically willing to make a difference from the way things and frequently â€Å"take risks† to create change. Further the results under â€Å"championing change† was also not good enough meaning that the author has an element of resistance to change which is a recipe for failure in business because an entrepreneur must be ready to embrace and deal with changes on the market due to innovation which brings about new and sophisticated products on the market thereby threatening the existence of the business if the business leader is unable to champion the change. Reflection of Personal Strength on Relationship between Innovation and Entrepreneurship Dyer, Gregersen, Christensen. (2009) argued that â€Å"innovators rely on their courage to innovate, an active bias against the status quo and an unflinching willingness to take risks to transform ideas into powerful impact†. It was interesting enough to see the author’s high score in â€Å"coaching and developing people† a personal strength which builds relationships and an ingredient which fosters trust and growth in business because when you invest in people, they become engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship as well as identifyingShow MoreRelatedLanguage, Gender, and Culture in Society1690 Words   |  7 Pagesof people in order to identify them. However, most of the time, these stereotypes hold true for only some members of a group. Sometimes, these stereotypes are just plain misconceptions that do not even apply to the group it claims to. Stereotypes are placed on people because it is a way to easily identify what type of person or ethnicity an indivi dual is. At one point in time, these stereotypes may have been true; however, in today’s modern society, most of these stereotypes are outdated and falseRead MoreWho Is an Entrepreneur2954 Words   |  12 Pagesis an entrepreneur?† Introduction â€Å"Who is an entrepreneur?† is a question that aroused many controversies and debates. Among many articles that talks about the entrepreneur and the process of entrepreneurship I will focus on three articles that tried to answer this question or demonstrated the uselessness of the question. Analyzing many different points of view will conduct to a better and deeper understanding of the phenomena. Therefore, this is not an exact science, like for instanceRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesnow and read it tonight. Tomorrow you will learn more, create more, inspire more.† Chairman of the Executive Committee, Intuit Inc. â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA sheds new light on the once-mysterious art of innovation by showing that successful innovators exhibit common behavioral habits—habits that can boost anyone’s creative capacity.† author, e 7 Habits of Highly E ective People and e Leader in Me â€Å"Having worked with Clayton Christensen on innovation for over a decade, I can see that eRead MoreEssay on The Research and Development Process4444 Words   |  18 Pagesdiet-cola sales today. PATENTS Imitation and the fast-second strategy raise an important question: What incentive is there for any firm to bear the expenses and risks of innovation if competitors can imitate its new or improved products? Why not let others bear the costs and risks of product development and then just imitate the successful innovations? Although we have seen that this may be a plausible strategy in some situations, there are several protections for, and Read MoreEssay on Wheatley Leadership2079 Words   |  9 Pagesa machine; a lifeless object that does not have the capability to think, feel, or make decisions. It, the machine, functions quite like the old story of leadership by where there are many more managers (machines) than leaders. An ideology that she credits to Western culture, which believes organizations, can create processes that people will carry out in a machine-like manner. Wheatley (2007) states that â€Å"we would engineer it to do what we saw fit, and we would fix it through our engineering brilliance†Read MoreEntrepreneurship Process and Principles15897 Words   |  64 PagesIntroduction to Entrepreneurship process and principles Definition of entrepreneur -According to American Heritage Dictionary, â€Å"Entrepreneur is a person who organizes, operates and assumes the risk for business venture† -According to Skinner SJ and Ivancevich JM,† An entrepreneur is a person who takes the risks necessary to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and monetary rewards† -Entrepreneur is a person who organizes and assumes the risk of his or her own venture†Read MoreMCMULLEN SHEPHERD Entrepreneurial Act13331 Words   |  54 PagesUNCERTAINTY IN THE THEORY OF THE ENTREPRENEUR JEFFERY S. MCMULLEN Baylor University DEAN A. SHEPHERD Indiana University By considering the amount of uncertainty perceived and the willingness to bear uncertainty concomitantly, we provide a more complete conceptual model of entrepreneurial action that allows for examination of entrepreneurial action at the individual level of analysis while remaining consistent with a rich legacy of system-level theories of the entrepreneur. Our model not only exposes limitationsRead MoreEntrepreneurship and Innovation Management9362 Words   |  38 PagesMaster’s  Thesis Serkan  Ceylan      ABSTRACT   The purpose of this study is to analyse the problem that the companies do not use the potential of their employees on innovations and intrapreneurial processes. The source of innovation is usually the entrepreneur. These are individuals that come up with new ideas of what the market is likely to want or desire. These people have usually gathered this knowledge through interaction with consumers. Sometimes it is the imaginative impulsive desire on their partRead MoreStartup/Seed Stage Investment by Venture Capital12291 Words   |  50 PagesSTARTUP/SEED STAGE INVESTMENT BY VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS (IN ISRAEL): ENTREPRENEURS IN RESIDENCY AND EXECUTIVE IN RESIDENCY PROGRAMS ABSTRACT What constitutes venture capital and what constitutes angel financing is a natural question. In the time period after the bubble burst in 2000 it became easy to differentiate: 1. Angel investors: usually â€Å"high status† individuals, former successful technology entrepreneurs who use their financial wealth, which financed birth and initial growthRead MoreThe Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection15551 Words   |  63 Pagesvulnerable; the principle of organising work within enterprises in a manner which is respectful of human dignity; the principle of subsidiarity, which fosters a spirit of initiative and increases the competence of the employees—considered â€Å"co-entrepreneurs†; and, ï ¬ nally, the principle of the sustainable creation of wealth and its just distribution among the various stakeholders. In these difï ¬ cult times for the world economy, during which many business men and women suffered the consequences of crises

Thomas Malthus on Population

In 1798, a 32-year-old British economist anonymously published a lengthy pamphlet criticizing the views of the Utopians who believed that life could and would definitely improve for humans on earth. The hastily written text, An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers, was published by Thomas Robert Malthus. Thomas Robert Malthus Born on February 14 or 17, 1766 in Surrey, England, Thomas Malthus was educated at home. His father was a Utopian and a friend of the philosopher David Hume. In 1784 he attended Jesus College and graduated in 1788; in 1791 Thomas Malthus earned his masters degree. Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural human urge to reproduce human population increases geometrically (1, 2, 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.). However, food supply, at most, can only increase arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.). Therefore, since food is an essential component to human life, population growth in any area or on the planet, if unchecked, would lead to starvation. However, Malthus also argued that there are preventative checks and positive checks on the  population that slow its growth and keep the population from rising exponentially for too long, but still, poverty is inescapable and will continue. Thomas Malthus example of population growth doubling was based on the preceding 25 years of the brand-new United States of America. Malthus felt that a young country with fertile soil like the U.S. would have one of the highest birth rates around. He liberally estimated an arithmetic increase in agricultural production of one acre at a time, acknowledging that he was overestimating but he gave agricultural development the benefit of the doubt. According to Thomas Malthus, preventative checks are those that affect the birth rate and include marrying at a later age (moral restraint), abstaining from procreation, birth control, and homosexuality. Malthus, a religious chap (he worked as a clergyman in the Church of England), considered birth control and homosexuality to be vices and inappropriate (but nonetheless practiced). Positive checks are those, according to Thomas Malthus, that increase the death rate. These include disease, war, disaster, and finally  when other checks dont reduce the population, famine. Malthus felt that the fear of famine or the development of famine was also a major impetus to reduce the birth rate. He indicates that potential parents are less likely to have children when they know that their children are likely to starve. Thomas Malthus also advocated welfare reform. Recent Poor Laws had provided a system of welfare that provided an increased amount of money depending on the number of children in a family. Malthus argued that this only encouraged the poor to give birth to more children as they would have no fear that increased numbers of offspring would make eating any more difficult. Increased numbers of poor workers would reduce labor costs and ultimately make the poor even poorer. He also stated that if the government or an agency were to provide a certain amount of money to every poor person, prices would simply rise and the value of money would change. As well, since population increases faster than production, the supply would essentially be stagnant or dropping so the demand would increase and so would price. Nonetheless, he suggested that capitalism was the only economic system that could function. The ideas that Thomas Malthus developed came before the industrial revolution and focuses on plants, animals, and grains as the key components of the diet. Therefore, for Malthus, available productive farmland was a limiting factor in population growth. With the industrial revolution and the increase in agricultural production, land has become a less important factor than it was during the 18th century. Thomas Malthus printed the second edition of his Principles of Population in 1803 and produced several additional editions until the sixth edition in 1826. Malthus was awarded the first professorship in Political Economy at the East India Companys College at Haileybury and was elected to the Royal Society in 1819. Hes often known today as the patron saint of demography and while some argue that his contributions to population studies were unremarkable, he did indeed cause population and demographics to become a topic of serious academic study. Thomas Malthus died ​in Somerset, England in 1834.

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay examples

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports When involved in sports, you have to be competitive. You need to win more than anybody else. However, athletes are taking winning to the extreme. As the use of performance enhancing drugs is becoming more popular amongst athletes, many of them do not understand the risks involved in taking these drugs. Many people are looking for a quick way to build muscles, or to get stronger the fastest way possible. Using these performance aids may very well be a quick fix for many athletes, but taking the drugs is unethical and dangerous. Using special drugs to boost an athlete’s performance is degrading to sports and to the athlete, but after they stop using the drugs and lose some strength, you become†¦show more content†¦If the athlete is patient and works hard, he or she too can achieve the same strength that they would obtain using steroids. Athletes are trying to cheat using unnatural shortcuts to gain their muscle instead of spending the long hours in the weight room. People today go through many different avenues while striving for excellence in sports. Pressure to perform and win can be a heavy burden for players. Every player wants to be the best and become the next superstar of their sport, as Michael Jordan is to basketball. As with many areas of life, the better you perform on the field, the more prestige, money and power you will receive. These rewards are very enticing to young athletes, and many would sacrifice profusely to achieve such goals. Getting to such greatness requires a great amount of time, skill, hard work, and luck. Nevertheless, instead of sacrificing time and hard work, athletes look for the easy way to reach stardom. This seems to be a theme that is growing more common in the realm of sports. Still, some athletes may not be as gifted as others may, so they likely will try to make up for deficiencies by using steroids. Whether it is a good or bad way to achieve excellence, everyone still holds some sort of determination. Whether you are at the top of your game and you are the best at what you do, or you are at the bottom and at the worst, deep inside everyoneShow MoreRelatedPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one ofRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1686 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because anRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edgeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or trainers can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a change

Operator and Application to Business †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Operator and Application to Business. Answer: Introduction There are different kinds of difficulties included in the organizational decision making procedure. Within the organizational decision making procedure, all the stakeholders are involved whereas the impact of the decision making is widespread. In other words, the organizational decision making process is the procedure of making the comparatively favorable choice amongst the other alternatives. Zsambok (2014) agree to that fact that the decision making within the organizations is one of the most significant management activities. Also, it is important to note that, only the managers are not responsible for the decision making process, but at every level the employees also contribute in the process of the decision making. Even though most of the cases, it is believed that the senior management make the decision, in the contemporary organizations, most of the decisions are made by the teams or the groups at the initial stage (Pettigrew 2014). This essay will trigger the decision making activities at both the strategic and operational level along with the problems being dealt at each of the levels. Pearls Boheme is a mid-sized jewelry retail business which is operated by a sole owner, Brigitte. The organization has employees such as sales managers, sales assistants as other stakeholders, but Brigitte is the only one who has been responsible for all the past decisions that have been taken so far. Brigitte is also responsible for creating and designing the jewelry other than handling the other aspects of the business such as advertizing, finance and sales. This issue has been a major problem in the organization as there is no other person involved while taking any significant decision. Even though there are several advantages of being a sole owner of any business such as making fast decisions or lower cost of employee management, sole ownership also comes with several disadvantages. Brigitte is the only one who should take the entire financial liability, therefore if there is any kind of business failure or other issues such as property damage or injured client, there is no one to make major decisions to manage the further consequences. In addition to that, the business can stop if Brigitte falls sick or not capable to work for any other reasons. Therefore the organization needs to stop doing business for a while. Therefore Pearls Boheme requires to review its decision making process for the further strategic and operational decisions. Organizational decision making is a procedure which can be of different types on the basis of the issues that arise. At the very first stage, the management requires to identify the specific issue because evaluating the issue would help the owner to judge all the aspects. After that, the manager should analyze the issue by utilizing the multiple perspective analysis as this will make the management to think out of their own perspective (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). According to the size and nature of the business, the decision making process of every organization tends to change. As the vision of Pearl Boheme is to make profit through doing what Pearls Boheme is best at, the organization aims to gain the competitive advantage by making distinctly different products than the other businesses in the market. While making any decision, the goal should be focused with utmost priority. Employee involvement In Pearls Boheme, there is no such formal meeting for the strategic decision making held. As it is a company for sole partnership, most of the decisions are taken by Brigitte on the basis of her years of experience and practice in the business world. Therefore, she utilizes her knowledge on the environmental factors and her business judgment for identifying the problem. However, it is significant for Pearls Boheme that there are two part time employees who are responsible for putting inputs at the strategic and operational decision making process. Even though Brigitte is the last word in the organization, she prefers consulting with others before taking any final decision. On an operational level, customer participation is most important for Pearls Boheme for creating long-term customer relationships. Therefore, the organization can introduce few customer loyalty programs which will help them to retail more clients in the long run. Along with that, past experiences in the business filed allow Brigitte recognizing the issue along with the cause, and therefore she makes the rational or intuitive decision after analyzing all the aspects of the issue. Brigitte takes all the major decisions by herself, therefore in most of the situations there is no meeting before taking any strategic or operational decisions. As explained by (), the organization follows the rule of taking steps immediately when known what is to be done. Therefore Brigitte takes immediate decisions and takes actions. The below figure demonstrates the way of making decisions for the business. Operational decisions are the ones which are made for managing the daily business within any organization. Mostly, these decisions are taken care of by the floor manager or the operations manager. It may sound easy; however there are thousands of decisions in the business on a regular basis (Shouzhen et al. 2014). The most significant thing about the day to day operational decisions is that, if it is not taken properly, it can destroy the regular service for the customers. As Pearls Bohemes is a sole partnership, Brigitte has to deal with all the regular issues by herself. She is often confronted with repetitive issues which involves different objectives such as deciding the material for a particular design, choosing the supplier for the business purpose or employee selection. Along with that, customer service is one of the major decision making procedure in the organization. It is also to be decided that a jewellery has been finished or fixing the pricing strategy (Solomon 2014). B eing a sole owner, Brigitte has to do the entire job on her own. Pearls Boheme also faced customer negotiations and the decisions that are related to the creation and designing of the jewellery where the decisions regarding creation of jewellery and the price of the piece requires to be decided. Strategic Decisions Strategic decision making is an ongoing procedure. This process includes creating new strategies for achieving the objectives and goals on the basis of the experiential outcome. For this reason the management has to work together towards its mission and vision statement. An analysis of the external and internal factors such as SWOT analysis can help the managers to achieve the objectives of the organization. If the management has a clear idea of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, it is easier for them to make a decision where they can exploit the strengths while minimizing the weakness for avoiding the threats (Goetsch and Davis 2014). In Pearls Bohemes, the main objective of the brand is to become one of the leading jewelry businesses in Australia, therefore the organization always work together in fulfilling the expectations of the customers providing them unique and innovative jewelry. Therefore the organization works harder to provide more artistic and unique designs to the customers. The decision of relocation of the business has been taken recently. This decision has made the organization bigger and the better location has proven it to be a successful strategic decision. Nature of the problems There are different kinds of problems for Pearls Bohemes on a daily basis. The owner of the organization has to face several issues everyday and these problems are quite difficult to analyze and solve as most of the times, they are contradictory, incomplete and keep on changing the previous requirements. Mostly these issues are interdependent as while solving one issue at a time can create or reveal issues from another aspect (Rittel and Webber 1973). There are two kinds of problems faced by the organization, tame and wicked. It has a relatively well-defined and stable problem statement. It has a definite stopping point, i.e. we know when a solution is reached. It has a solution which can be objectively evaluated as being right or wrong. It belongs to a class of similar problems which can be solved in a similar manner. It has solutions which can be tried and abandoned. The characteristics of wicked problems are: There is no definitive formulation of a wicked problem Have no stopping rule Solutions not true or false but good or bad No immediate and no ultimate test of a solution Every solution is a one shot no opportunity to learn by trial and error Enumerable potential solutions Essentially unique Can be considered a symptom of another problem Existence of discrepancy explained in numerous ways Planner has no right to be wrong For example, last month the organization has faced an issue with a customer who has been changing the requirements continuously, therefore it was difficult for the employees to follow her and provide her the kind of jewelry that pleases her. However when the design matched, she started complaining about the material that has been used. Therefore the manager has faced complicated issues with her as she kept on pointing out different issues with the piece of jewelry. Also there was another internal problem to it, as the employees were not willing to do the entire job on free of cost as they have already put adequate effort for this piece of jewelry. Therefore, Brigitte has to talk to the customer and after a long period of discussions, the customer has agreed on a decision and was ready to pay extra for the further changes. Therefore, it can be said that the even if the problems are difficult thee organization has to come to a solution which does not harm neither the employees nor the customers. Decision making Approach There are two different kinds of decision making approaches by the organizations all over the world, qualitative and quantitative. As a sole owner of the organization, Brigitte has to take the final decision after ensuring that all the aspects of the issue have been addressed. There are few basic differences in both the methods. In terms of qualitative method, the inputs are mostly non-measurable, however, with qualitative method the managers have to deal with the gathered data. Qualitative method also includes a profound insight on the information; however the quantitative data is mostly mechanical and only provides the statistical analysis of the gathered data (Anderson et al. 2015). The manager can calculate the rate of facing issues with a particular product but they cannot judge how much the customers are pleased with the product. Along with that, the researchers have also observed that the results of the qualitative analysis may be ambiguous sometimes, but the results of the quantitative analysis can be decisive. In this organization, the owner mostly makes qualitative decision making approach to reach to a solution (Goodwin and Wright 2014). First, the problem needs to be identified reviewing various aspects. After that the criteria of suitable judgment needs to be decided. After a detailed evaluation and judgment procedure, the solution should be implemented immediately. Criteria before making any decision (regarding products) Weigh (1-10) Price of the product 8 User friendly 9 Cost effectiveness 8 Structural description 8 Criteria (customer service) Weight (1-10) Delivery timing 10 Attitude of the employee 8 Flexibility of exchanging the product 6 CSR 9 Williams Rational Problem Solving Approach At the first stage the specific problem has to be defined in an unambiguous way. After that the decision criteria can be decided. The third stage is to weight the criteria which will eventually generate the alternatives after the alternatives for the solution. After rating each of the alternatives on the criteria, the management has to come to an optimal decision (Goetsch and Davis 2014). This tool helps to accommodate all the potential aspects which is related to the decision making approach. The assumptions are: Problem is clear and unambiguous Single and well-defined goals can be identified Alternatives (and consequences) are all known Preferences and needs are clear, recognised, and unchanging Time and resources are abundant accessible Decision will be implemented willingly and supported by all Conclusion In recommendation, it can be said that, in Pearls Bohemes, the owner should get another members in the management which will make her job easier. Till now, she has been the only one who has been responsible for the decisions. This also includes taking fast and prompt decisions, whereas on the other hand it comes with several problems such as if she falls sick, there is no one to take care of the business. Therefore the organization should appoint other members in the senior management as well. Reference list Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015.An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Frey, D., Schulz-Hardt, S. and Stahlberg, D., 2013. Information seeking among individuals and groups and possible consequences for decision-making in business and politics.Understanding group behavior,2, pp.211-225. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goodwin, P., Wright, G. 2014, Decision Analysis for Management Judgement, 5th edition, Chichester UK, Wiley. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Richey T 2005, Wicked Problems: structuring social messes with morphological analysis, Swedish Morphological Society (www.swemorph.com) Rittel H, and Webber M, 1973, Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning in Policy Sciences, Vol 4, pp155-169, Elservier Scientific Publishing Co Inc: Amsterdam Schmoldt, D., Kangas, J., Mendoza, G.A. and Pesonen, M. eds., 2013.The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Sguera, F., Sekerka, L.E. and Bagozzi, R., 2017, January. Self-Conscious Emotions and Moral Decision Making in Business. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 13728). Academy of Management. Shouzhen, Z., Qifeng, W., Merig, J.M. and Tiejun, P., 2014. Induced intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging: Weighted average operator and its application to business decision-making.Computer Science and Information Systems,11(2), pp.839-857. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sutherland, L.A. and Holstead, K.L., 2014. Future-proofing the farm: on-farm wind turbine development in farm business decision-making.Land Use Policy,36, pp.102-112. Williams, S.W. 2002, Making better Business Decisions: understanding and improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills, Thousand Oaks California, Sage Publications Chapter 1. Williams, S.W. 2002, Making better Business Decisions: understanding and improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills, Thousand Oaks California, Sage Publications Chapter 1. Zsambok, C.E., 2014.Naturalistic decision making. Psychology Press.

Walking in another Persons Shoes How It Feels to Be Blind

Table of Contents Introduction How It Feels to Be Blind Conclusion Reference List Introduction Knowing what other people go through in life is easy, because it is matter of listening, reading, watch and sometime witnessing their experiences. Although experiencing other people’s feelings is almost impossible, one can learn and understand what others are going through by trying to ‘walk in their shoes.’ There are so many activities that can bring out this feeling in one, regardless of whether you have certain special abilities or not.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Walking in another Person’s Shoes: How It Feels to Be Blind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, trying to understand how it feels to be older becomes a reality gradually one grows older, or to understand how it feels like to be a father, mother, husband, or a wife can only become real when one bears the responsi bilities associated with each. The same case applies to experiencing what individuals who are disabled, for example blind feel. Although states like being blind, homeless, insane, or poor may never happen to many individuals, it is good to understand how individuals in this state feel, in order to be able to associate and treat them with respect. This essay will discuss ways in which one can learn and understand how it feels to be blind. How It Feels to Be Blind The main purpose of walking in someone else’s shoes is building empathy. It should be noted that building empathy depends on the different situations and experiences of the persons who you want to share their experiences. When an individual is blind, such an individual naturally feel a sense of detachment, curiosity, frustration and skepticism, because of the discomforts and challenges, which are associated with their situation. Hence, to be able to experience what these individuals to, it is important to have a sense of involvement and empathy. For example to experience the psychological state of being blind, individuals should try to close their eyes and assume they are blind. After assuming this, they should try to do thing as if they are blind, as this is one of the ways of experiencing the kind of difficulties that blind individuals go through as they try to execute their daily duties. Through this, many can realize that, they have no clues of so many things, more so the intangible ones that need the sense of sight. For instance, explaining to a blind person about different colors and how the sun looks like is very hard. As research studies show, most blind people have visionary experiences when they are awake and asleep, but they do not leave any reference point of perceiving them – there cannot say it looks like something. Hence, for them, they do not know whether things they hear of exist in reality.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Ge t your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such is the case because they use the power of imagination through what they feel, smell, hear and taste. Hence, by closing eyes and trying to perform some things, individuals will experience the same and learn to appreciate and help any blind person (Foley p 1). In addition to this, individuals can involve themselves in games that involve blindfolding each other and trying to locate objects or identify other people using their voices. Through failing to execute these duties, individuals will lean the kind of difficulties, which blind people go through, more so when it comes to using their simple Godly given perceptions to make sense of their world. On the other hand, individuals should interact with these blind individuals in order to understand how to manage their lives. This is important, because firsthand experience will make one to hear the reality of things from the â€Å"horse’s mouth†; hence, enhance the devel opment of healthy relationships. Conclusion In conclusion, to â€Å"walk in somebody’s shoes†, individuals must endeavor to involve themselves in activities, which will give them an opportunity of feeling or experiencing what individuals with such disabilities feel. For example, although one cannot fully experience the hardships that are associated with blindness, closing eyes and trying to do their normal duties, one can somewhat feel what it feels like to be blind. Reference List Foley, Kate. The Blind Child and Its Development. Future Reflections, 28.2 (2009). Web. https://www.nfb.org/sites/www.nfb.org/files/images/nfb/publications/fr/fr28/fr2/fr280206.htm This essay on Walking in another Person’s Shoes: How It Feels to Be Blind was written and submitted by user Plazm to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Chicano

Essay on Chicano Essay on Chicano Essay on ChicanoTrack 12, El Zacamandà º (Antonio Maciel)Lyrics of El Zacamandu  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genre: Son Huasteco  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Composer: Anonymous  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performer: Antonio Maciel  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The song was performed by Antonio Maciel. The song is dedicated to men-women relationships and the inability of men to resist to the charm of women. The song conveys the idea that men always love women for their charm and female features, which they may dislike at times, but, which they adore overall. The song is the ultimate manifestation of men’s love to women. The performer used the falsetto register  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The music played during the song was performed by the trio consisting of a guitar quinta huapanguera, which is a five course, eight stringed guitar-like instrument, a jarana huasteca, which is a stringed instrument re lated to the jarana, and a violin. The violin has played a particularly important part during the performance. The violin performance was flamboyant and very passionate with a profound impact on the audience and the perception of the song.The instrumental part supported the performer, while, at some moments, the violent seemed to replace the performer and took the main part. On the other hand, the performance of the song was very emotional not only due to the use of violin along with quinta huapanguera and   jarana huasteca but also and mainly due to the performance of the singer, Antonio Maciel, who was very emotional and conveyed the song from the bottom of his heart.Therefore, the song conveys the message of men’s love to women, respect to and admiration with women. The performer and three musical instruments performing their part in the song were the perfect match to emphasize the message of the song.

Quantum Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantum Technology - Essay Example Classical mechanics preceded quantum mechanics which is entirely the basis of quantum technology. â€Å"A team of researchers, including members of the University of Chicago’s Institute for Molecular Engineering, highlight the power of emerging quantum technologies...† (Koppes 2013). The emerging quantum technologies were realized after scientists drew more focus on microscopic objects from the macros in classical mechanics. The realm of quantum technology aims at changing the way scientists view technology in attempts to better living standard across all spheres of life. â€Å"The first quantum technology that harnesses quantum mechanical effects for its core operation has arrived in the form of commercially available quantum key distribution systems’’ (O’brien et. al. 2009). In the field of quantum computing, the technology promises to develop a secured information system that will challenge snoopers, hackers and prevent cyber-attacks. This will be realized by subjecting quantum cryptography as elaborated in an article by National University of Singapore (2014). In the very article Stephanie Wehner affirms that "quantum technologies will gradually become integrated with existing devices such as smart phones, allowing us to do things like identify ourselves securely or generate encryption keys". In the future wheel of quantum technology, one of the core primary effects lies in its ability to drive the next generation computing technology.

Financial Analysis and Pricing Structure Research Paper

Financial Analysis and Pricing Structure - Research Paper Example Off 2 Gran Grans is a service organization with a significant emphasis on using corporate social responsibility as a positioning and competitive tool. The target market for the company is the senior citizen aged 60 to 100, with a secondary market consisting of immobilized shut-ins of varying age categories to assist in revenue production. Off 2 Gran Grans provides assistance services, such as house cleaning and errand running for medications and groceries, with a supplementary service for visitation, consisting of gate keeping services and interpersonal relationship development. Being alone is rather frightening to most senior citizens supporting psychologists stating that warm interpersonal relationships are the most fundamental of human needs (Brammertz and Akkizidis 9). Off 2 Gran Grans will provide psychological adjustment for its target consumers and also fill a tangible need that require fulfilling due to limited mobility, lack of access to transportation, and lack of family an d social support. Financial Analysis for Off 2 Gran Grans In the financial analysis of the products and services that Off 2 Gran Grans, the business will need to re-evaluate the number of customers that are likely going to require its services and determine the revenue that it expects from the services it will offer to the customers (Brammertz and Akkizidis 9). ... The business will also need to estimate the expected return on investment before venturing into business. This will aid the decision on how much to invest in the business and even estimate the time that the business is going to require in order o break even. The financial analysis for the above company is going to encompass three main areas, that is, the net present value, the sensitivity analysis, and the break-even analysis (Lee, Lee and Lee 25). This is important in leveraging the company in a business that has negative reviews from customers. However, this will enable the business to identify where its competitors have been failing and correct it before setting out to provide the services to the people. Break-even analysis The understanding of the break-even in a business is important because it helps in fixing the financial status of any business. As a service provider, Off 2 Gran Grans will need to have a a competitive price for its services and products to the elderly people t hat will be identifiable with the customers. The business will have to take a number of initiatives that are geared towards ensuring that fixed expenses like rent, electricity and others are kept to the minimum with a view of cutting down on the operation costs (Shim and Siegel 32). In determining the breakeven point, Off 2 Gran Grans will require to have 200 customers who will be charged $100 per month as upkeep costs. Since the organization’s initial investments is between $58,000 and $95,000, the company therefore should expect to break even in five years’ time. However, with investment in advertisement each year, this period may be reduced to 3 years. Sensitivity

Bullying: Effects On Social Anxiety And Self Esteem

Bullying: Effects On Social Anxiety And Self Esteem The present study documented measures of social anxiety and self esteem in adolescents and sought to determine its association with dimensions of bullying in victims. Social anxiety entails feelings of apprehension in social situations, while bullying involves recurrent and intentional acts like teasing to injure another and has been suggested in the occurrence of social anxiety. Self esteem refers to the general view of oneself and proposed as a link with bullying. An independent variable of this study is bullying while dependent variables are social anxiety and self esteem. Two hypotheses were yielded: (a) higher rates of bullying in victims were linked with social anxiety and (b) there is a relationship between bullying and self esteem. Eriksons developmental theory of Identity versus Role Confusion supported hypotheses of why bullying increased social anxiety and lowered self esteem in adolescent victims. Adolescents between ages of 12 and 20 completed self-report questionnaires on bullying, social anxiety and self esteem. Results proposed individuals who identified themselves as bullied victims had higher degrees of social anxiety and lower self esteem. Keywords: social anxiety, self esteem, adolescents, bullying, victims, erikson, developmental, identity, role confusion Chapter One: Introduction Before measuring the association between bullying, social anxiety and self esteem, it is crucial to be equipped with an understanding of the variables. Bullying With the intention of conducting investigations on bullying, researchers have to first determine what exactly is bullying As denoted by Marini, Spear and Bombay (1999), bullying is the manipulation of physical and emotional influence of deliberate harm towards a person, thereby producing a destructive environment instilling anxiety, threat and apprehension in an individual. Adding onto Marini et al.s (1999) definition, researchers who further assessed bullying indicated two different types namely direct and indirect. Direct bullying is portrayed as perpetual, existing as bodily assaults like kicking and hitting, while indirect bullying consists of behaviours such as teasing and intentional exclusion of an adolescent (Fitzpatrick et al., 2007; Haddow, 2006; Hampel, Manhold, Hayer, 2009; Nansel et al., 2001; Omizo et al., 2006; Raskauskas Stoltz, 2007). Social Anxiety An underlying characteristic of social anxiety is a phobia of social settings and interpersonal communication yielding self awareness and negative beliefs of oneself. Individuals suffering from social anxiety typically dread negative assessment by people (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Based on Slee (1994), social anxiety has been unveiled to impact negatively on peer involvement, thereafter contributing to peer refusal. Self-Esteem Schaffer (1996) postulates self esteem as an assessment of an individual and the extent to which one perceives himself or herself as either optimistic or undesirable. Cooley (1902) proposed an understanding of oneself is shaped in accordance with peoples behaviour towards the self. Those who obtained positive views from others like a compliment would have increased self esteem. Onset of Bullying Bullying has evolved into a universal issue in adolescence. Several public findings by Cho, Hendrickson, Mock (2009) recognized bullying as multifaceted, producing a series of adverse societal, psychological and educational effects on adolescents. A justification for the rise of bullying occurrences in adolescence could be because of numerous progressive changes happening in this stage. Such changes include emotional ones like escalation in anxiety (Green, 2007; Nansel et al., 2001; Pergolizzi et al., 2007). Bulach, Fulbright and Williams (2003) theorized the manner in which bullying contributed significantly to the development of school violence. This was evidenced by an incident in 1998; Georgia, where an adolescent succumbed to death due to school bullying. The misfortune evoked awareness in the country where regulations on bullying were authorized. Hence, it is no wonder bullying is acknowledged as a prominent kind of violence in schools (Bulach et al., 2003; Olweus, 2003; Siris Osterman, 2004; Vossekuil, Fein, Reddy, Borum, Modzeleski, 2002). The following describes the influence of bullying on victims by highlighting the prevalence rates, thereafter introducing traits of victims and how these are linked with social anxiety and self esteem. Prevalence of Bullying Bullying is highly prevalent among adolescents and differs among cultures. It results in detrimental consequences and persists as a stumbling block in schools, where adolescents struggle to handle distress from bullying. National studies directed by Nansel et al (2001) demonstrated an approximate of 2,027,254 adolescents identified themselves as victims of temperate bullying while 1,681,030 youths engaged in repeated bullying. Reviews have generated an increasing interest on bullying in the 21st century (Rigby 2003; Arseneault et al. 2009), with adolescents of United States of America (USA) generating the highest distress from either forms of bullying. This is evident in a study, where an estimated 10% claimed to be bullies or victims at least once a month (Omizo, Omizi, Baxa, Miyse, 2006). A study by Olweus and Limber (1999) stated approximately 1.6 million of college adolescents in (USA) constituted bullied victims. Additionally, Nansel et al. (2001) uncovered 30% of them were linked with bullying, existing as a bully, victim or both. A separate statement by the U.S. Department of Education revealed 77% of adolescents whom were assessed were victims throughout their entire education (Garbarino et al., 2003). With bullying occurrences on the rise, researchers have thus commenced detailed examinations to further evaluate such occurrences in adolescence (Espelage Asidao, 2003). Since such elevated incidences of bullying are a cause for concern, it is vital to be mindful of different types of aggression and that bullying is just a specific kind. Despite majority of studies on issues of adolescent bullying for bullies and victims, only those pertaining to victims and the relation to social anxiety would be investigated. Attributes of Victims This group of adolescents are known as receivers of violence inflicted by their aggressors. Victims are more likely to appear timid, withdrawn and lack motor synchronization. Besides being known to have minute body sizes and regarded as undesirable by their peers (Bernstein and Watson, 1997), they have nervous disposition characterized by an intense worry of negative appraisal from people, (Bernstein Watson, 1997; Haynie et al., 2001), a trait of social anxiety. In addition, these victims display avoidance in social settings as a result of being bullied (Fitzpatrick, Dulin Piko, 2010; Ivarsson, Broberg, Arvidsson, Gillberg, 2005; Hampel et al., 2009). Olweus (1973, 1978) recognized victims exist in two groups; submissive and highly aggressive or provocative victims. The submissive ones are portrayed as vulnerable and do not incite bullies to further violence. Instead, they behave in ways that intensify the act. As submissive victims do not protect themselves, they are deemed weak, therefore undergoing peer refusal, an aspect of social anxiety. On the contrary, provocative victims exhibit restlessness and seem more irritable. They are likely to retaliate during assaults. Though all victims are highly susceptible of appraisal especially negative ones, submissive victims are more affected by such criticism and reproach themselves repeatedly. Highly aggressive victims portray nervous tendencies and difficulties focusing on tasks at hand, experiencing greater disregard compared to submissive victims. Victims and Social Anxiety Though anxiety is manifested in several forms, social anxiety is most palpable in bullied victims and acknowledged as a persistent disorder (Watson and Friend, 1969; as mentioned in Slee, 1994). Adolescents who suffered from childhood bullying may be at greater exposure to being bullied in school (Chapell et., 2004). Despite beliefs on bullying as uncommon in schools, a study has disputed such claims, indicating bullying rates as frequent across some colleges (Chapell et al.). A study was held on 1,025 university students where 60% claimed to have witnessed bullying and around 44% noticed a lecturer victimizing a student (Chappel et al.). This finding led Chapell and his team (2006) to further investigations, where a clear link regarding bullying occurrences in infancy, adolescence or both stages and chances of becoming victims in school was established. Their results are of considerable importance as it can assist some medical practitioners in treatment effects as they manage patients who might be bullied victims before. Social anxiety results in public aversion and restraint in affected individuals, reducing peer involvement due to a self belief of being undesirable by people (Ginsburg et al., 1998), therefore affecting peer communication which prolongs bullying and decreases their self esteem. This understanding was further developed as Crick and Bigbee (1998) noted adverse peer communication can affect ones self assessment, thus accounting for insufficient self esteem and exacerbates social anxiety. Investigators uncovered not all victims of bullying manifest social anxiety in adulthood (Hawker Boulton, 2000; Jantzer, Hoover, Narloch, 2006; Newman, Holden, Delville, 2005; Olweus, 1993; Schafer et al., 2004). However, regardless of their studies that bullying might suggest psychosocial issues during adolescence, there is still inadequate interest in the understanding of why only certain adolescents may experience such issues. Reviews (Chapell et al., 2004; Chapell et al., 2006) indicated adolescents who recalled being victims of bullying were at heightened possibilities of social anxiety in contrast with those who had no recollection. Such experiences pose worry particularly since bullying throughout adolescence has displayed a significant connection with higher emotional and interpersonal difficulties (Dempsey Storch, 2008; Hawker Boulton, 2000; Jantzer, Hoover, Narloch, 2006; Newman, Holden, Delville, 2005; Olweus, 1993; Schafer et al., 2004; Tritt Duncan, 1997). Further analyses on previous bullying occurrences in males who were weekly sufferers discovered that they regarded anxious tendencies as a result of being bullied (Gladstone, Parker, Malhi, 2006). Similarly, the ability to recall past episodes of attacks was known to influence its start, with adolescents who recollected their situation recording a hastened experience of anxiety conditions and greater unease in social settings as compared to those who failed to remember their traumatic experience (McCabe, Miller, Laugesen, Antony, Young, 2010). An analogous study revealed adolescents who were victims before displayed more negative perception of the public than non-bullied adolescents. This perception is an example noted in anxiety disorders (Hawker Boulton, 2003). Furthermore, bullying accounts have specified adolescents who were once victims had more inclination to display characteristics of social anxiety like phobia of negative appraisal from others and social avoidance (Dempsey Storch, 2008). In comparison with non-bullied adolescents, victims are known to experience elevated psychological and emotional suffering due to bullying episodes they faced in school. Research has suggested this intense distress would persist even in adulthood (Fekkes, Pijpers, Verloove-Vanhorick, 2003; Hampel et al., 2009; Solberg Olweus, 2003). Està ©vez, Murgui, and Musitu (2009) piloted a finding on psychological changes with regards to social anxiety and self esteem in 1,319 adolescents. It was revealed bullied victims manifested higher social anxiety and greater discontentment with life compared to bullies and those non-bullied. This was reinforced in bullied. This was reinforced in Fitpatrick et al.s (2010) review where low self esteem and high degrees of social anxiety were evident due to bullying occurrences. Graham and Bellmore (2007) formed a profile sheet for bullying by grouping it based on bullies, victims, bully-victims and those non-bullied. They discovered significant disparities of psychological changes in victims, bullies and non-bullied adolescents, where victims garnered the most scores for anxiety and least in self esteem. In contrast, bullies yielded the lowest degree of social anxiety and were extremely high on self esteem scores. Based on cross sectional information, a study on 226 adolescents with past occurrences of being bullies and victims was operated (Gladstone et al., 2006). Gladstone and his team focused on victims and their likelihood of displaying anxious tendencies in adulthood. Self reported measures were used to determine anxiety. Results depicted bullied victims had greater levels of social anxiety and suffer from insufficient self esteem. Furthermore, social anxiety was still constant in a notable percentage of victims, expanding current findings on the relationship between bullied victims and adverse effects they experience. Additional research on bullying was conducted by Menensi et al. (2009) which concentrated specifically on psychological influences of bullying on victims. This assessment indicated bullies engaged in threatening behaviours like violence while victims suffered from worrying symptoms including social anxiety. In Esbensen and Carsons (2009) four year analysis, based on the belief that bullying happens continuously which causes major psychological issues like social anxiety, a set of questions were devised to establish the outcome of bullied victims and bullies. An apparent disparity in bullying frequency was uncovered. A meagre 28% indicated themselves as victims in yes and no questions; whereas 82% admitted they were victims on questions inquiring personal development and behaviour. Victims faced with bullying on a constant basis also experienced increased social anxiety, higher possibilities of being harmed at school and a severe fear of being bullied, which was supportive of Menensi et al.s (2009) study. Bullying and Self-Esteem The effects of bullying are well documented in countless reviews, from lingering health issues to emotional distress and diminished self esteem. Self esteem is constituted by a series of beliefs an individual has (Berk, 2009). The relationship of bullied victims and low levels of self esteem is clear. This is apparent in Houbre et al.s (2006) report which implied a lack of self worth in victims who were seemingly displeased with their physical appearance. This negative self evaluation may cause victims to isolate themselves from the public, and this could result in mental health issues. Hence, it is significant to identify the connection between bullying and how it leads to low self esteem in victims. According to Hodges and Perry (1999), bullying serves as factors of self esteem and social anxiety. A co-relational study on 8,249 Irish adolescents indicated links between rates of bullying and esteem, where bullies garnered least self esteem and anxiety (OMoore Kirkham, 2001). A separate study directed by Rigby and Slee (1999) on bullying in adolescence revealed 48.8% of males and 62.5% of females who lacked self esteem suffered more negativity following an assault. As a result, they have lesser peer involvement and suffer from refusal, triggering weakened self esteem and isolation from social settings, a core aspect of social anxiety. Thus, as predicted, it appears that self esteem contributes notably to the domains of bullying as well as social anxiety. In a subsequent finding, Houbre, Tarquinio and Lanfranchi (2010) questioned if low self esteem was a determinant and outcome of bullying. Their study supported the idea of self esteem as a predictor of bullying based on results portraying pessimistic beliefs as the strongest indication of the act. In addition, further examination by them on repetitive bullying and self esteem described the extent to which both were connected; the lower the self esteem, the higher the occurrence of the attack. Apparently, bullying can reduce a victims self esteem. Despite victims possessing a likelihood of being bullied, such attacks decrease their self esteem and also exacerbate feelings of anxiety as they accept their aggressors beliefs. Thus, these findings imply that self esteem can exist as a cause of bullying and can also be influenced by it. Ample evidence regarding self esteem in bullying occurrences has been displayed before (Andreou, 2000; Callaghan Joseph, 1995; Ross, 1996). Boulton and Underwoods (1992) study unveiled a whopping 80% of adolescents claimed to experience more happiness and confidence in life before episodes of bullying commenced. This is further evidenced in Bosworth et als (1999) analysis on 558 students of a certain academic level, where low degrees of self esteem and higher bullying rates were linked. Moreover, victims of bullying were recognized to have lower self esteem in comparison with bullies and those not implicated (Andreou, 2000; Bolton Underwood, 1992). Hence, self esteem served as an originator and a result of bullying (Graham and Juvonen, 1998). In a precise finding by Graham and Juvonen (1998), it was noted that adolescents who perceived themselves as victims came across several social issues like low self esteem. This is in contrast with adolescents, who were identified as bullied v ictims by their peers, suffering from peer issues like refusal. Nansel et al.s (2001) research relating to self esteem and the capability to befriend others produced an unfavourable relationship with school bullying, but was surprisingly positively correlated with victimizing people. This is reasoned by Borgs (1998) study which stated male victims were extremely resentful and female victims were mainly unhappy. As feelings of resentment and unhappiness result in distress which affects victims self esteem, they may also be placed at heightened risks of being bullied (Hazler, 2000). In different reviews, the extent of bullying is considered an influence of an adolescents mental well being. This seems to imply anxious tendencies of an adolescent are likely to stem from bullying. This notion was supported by an examination on bullying as a correlation of decreased self esteem and elevated intensities of anxiety (Mynard, Joseph and Alexander, 2000). An exact finding by Mynard et al. (2000) purported oral bullying as a negative link with self esteem and that adverse outcomes of bullying may vary based on the extent of aggression applied. As a majority of adolescents are predisposed to intimidation by bullies, one possible reason for those who are more confident and less anxious would be their low acceptance of assaults by bullies as they attempt to protect themselves against harm, instead of the victims who fail to retaliate (Egan Perry, 1998). This explanation hence clarifies why only some adolescents who lack self regard and display social anxiety depict a phase of bullying. Several findings specified self esteem as a significant link to bullying and social anxiety, proposing that bullying incidents cause unfavourable effects on an individuals self esteem, thus justifying the high degrees of social anxiety according to them (Bernstein Watson, 1997; Fosse Holen, 2002; Kumpulainen, Rasanen and Henttonen, 1999; Kumpulainen Rasanen, 2000; Mahady-Wilton, Craig, Pepler, 2000; Marini, Spear Bombay, 1999; Nansel, Overpeck, Pilla, Ruan, Simons Morton, Scheidt, 2001; Perry, Kusal Perry, 1988; Rigby, 2000; Roecker Phelps, 2001).

she never speaks :: essays research papers

Have you seen her? You may have walked or even drove by her more than one time. You may have noticed her glistening red skin, the voluptuous curves on her body, or used her for exercise. I cannot say it was love at first sight when I first saw her, she appeared to be like all the others I had been with; however, she possessed something that I could not describe. When the wind blew it was as if she was calling my name so I could not stay away from her. I have spent many hours in the blistering hot sun preparing myself for those special times that I would have with her. I have shed both blood and tears for her. My woman is not an average female, she is extraordinary. She never asks where have I been or why I have not called. She is content with where she is and does not complain. She does things that other women would not do. My woman is like a dirty rest area, open to the public twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There is no admission fee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People call her the â€Å"neighborhood girl†. She knows the corner where she belongs to and knows how to please. For her age, she is in pretty good shape. Not just men, but people from all over the country come to be with her. She does not discriminate against anyone. People of all ages, races, classes and genders have access to her. Many people are with her at more than one time. Sometimes there can be ten to forty people with her. When I see more than one person with her, I do not get jealous with her because I know that she can make them better, and I know that they need her more than I do. The first time I was with her I only lasted for ten seconds, but I have made dramatic improvements. She has a lot of miles on her since she has been broken in from the years of pounding. Her legs stretch for miles. They are straight like runways for planes awaiting take off. She takes me places I have never seen or been before. On many occasions when I’m with her, we become one. When I am with her, I am able to distance myself from all the other odors exhausted by others who are also on her.

Porsche strategy through the recent years Essay

Porsche had been successful and profitable for many years, but hit a bump in the early 1990s. Its production became inefficient and wasteful this was fuelled by the fact the U.S. economy was in a recession. The company was actually about to become bankrupt and there were talks of a possible takeover (Stredwick, 2005, pp.67-78). The auto manufacturer was saved by the then newly appointed CEO Wendelin Wiedeking. He made sure that Porsche focused on creating new strengths in lean manufacturing and synchronized engineering. This was after Porsche had been operating for many years as a craftwork company that mainly allowed the engineers to operate on their own and not with the whole production line. This made the engineers relax on making good Porsche car designs and selling better designs to outsiders that later hurt the company. Part of the decision that led to the company making major profits again was to extend Porsche product line which was mainly the sports car production it had foc used on for such a long time (Henderson & Reavis, 2012, pp.56-65). Some of these other products included the Cayenne which is an SUV, it entered the market that was competing with other brands in the SUV market this include Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Land Rover and Volkswagen. This was a risk to be closely associated with Volkswagen which is a brand that produced cars for mass production. Some considered it a sell out and a total dilution of the high standards of the Porsche cars. This car as predicted was not a first time hit but Porsche worked on its designs for three years to produce a better reliable version that was finally a hit. In 2005 it also announced that it would create another car out of its sports car area. This was a luxury sedan named Panamera after a Mexican-long distance car race (Viknesh, 2012, pp.2-6). Porsche strategy through the recent years             One of the best strategies that Porsche has stuck through the thick and thin is the company’s outside engineering business PEG, which has always focused on selling designs based on the strength of Porsche engineering. Porsche acquired more shares in Volkswagen raising its shares from 31% to 50% in beginning of 2009. This was an official acquisition of the company since they were the majority shareholders. Porsche has been known to carry out hedging as part of its business. In 2008 in it made six times as much in the stock market as it did through selling cars. Its acquisition of Volkswagen was based on its hedging activities. For a period of time market speculators were wondering why Volkswagen shares remained high despite the fact that the company was not performing very well financially. This led to the reveal of the decision of Porsche owning more than 74% of Volkswagen shares. This led to a stock market squeeze that made Volkswagen the most valuable com pany in the world for a brief period of time with stock increasing to values over 1,000 Euros (Henderson & Reavis, 2012, pp.5-8). The CEO Wiedeking had a lot to do with the decisions that Porsche has been taking. He has made the company profitable by taking risks and making the hard decisions that led to the creation of new methods and ideas at Porsche. Engineering and design are also part of the major competitive strategies of Porsche. This is one strategy that has seen the company earn billions from it. It includes a team 2,300 engineers in its engineering Research and development. It shares it with outside companies by designing models with the intrinsic core of all its designs being Porsche’s strength. This customer engineering development company is known as the Porsche Engineering Group. It is known as Porsche’s secret ace that enabled it to employ more engineers than if it worked alone. Companies trust it to create models for them since its small size would not allow it to use the technology availed from the models created (Viknesh, 2012, pp.2-8). These strategies of Porsche seemed to pay off but however secret takeover of Volkswagen led to the split of the Porsche family some opposing while some supporting. Porsche’s hedging and manipulation of the stock market while trying to take over Volkswagen has brought Wendelin Wiedeking and Holger Harter the two former chief and chief financial officer of Porsche under investigation for information based market manipulation. The hedge funds and other business that made major losses during that time are seeking compensation. The failed takeover of Volkswagen was an error on Porsche part. It did so despite the fact that it had SE debts. This failed attempt led to the former Mr Wiedeking leaving the company. This news has negatively impacted the company with its share price dropping by 2percent to 56.93 Euros. Due to the debt and the litigations charges that may be brought against Porsche it has been forced to sell the 50.1 shares acquired in 2008 at an underestimated amount of 4. 46 billion Euros. This has ended the seven year takeover with many people thinking Porsche would win out in the end. Volkswagen although held out as it did not cut corners like Porsche was trying to do when it was trying to takeover Volkswagen (BBC News, 2012, N.P). Despite this Porsche is still making high returns on investment. Even under the Volkswagen umbrella Porsche is still able to make a lot of money. It will continue doing well provided it does not give up its brand in manufacturing its products. Under Volkswagen it will be able to specialize in making many more cars rather than the sports car it is well known for, this will make sure it continues returning high returns on investments. The litigation costs though are going to be a huge burden to the group it hence has learnt its lesson the hard way by being acquired by another company. It therefore is a lesson to all other companies not to manipulate the market for selfish goals that are driven by the directors only (BBC News, 2012, N.P). Porsche’s steps in forming and implementing Company strategy             The theoretical frame work behind the strategy of Porsche consulting lies in three steps. One is the corporate strategy whereby the company lays a common goal and vision. This are made specific to the customer, finance, employee and market segments of the business. From the corporate strategy the product strategy, core strategy as well as cross-departmental strategy are based on the general corporate strategy. Corporate strategy can include brand strategy and product strategy (Murlis, 2004, pp.4-12). Examples of brand strategy include brand values and an example product strategy includes modular strategy. Core strategies form step two of creating the company’s strategic position. This entails every department doing its part in to ensure that the company’s strategic objectives in customer, finance, employee and market dimensions are met (Roehm & Brady, 2007, pp.6-8). The suitable objectives in core strategies are thus divided into the following sectio ns, sales strategies, production, procurement, development as well as key figures (Fleisher & Bensoussam, 2003, pp.2-8). The third step in forming the company’s strategy includes setting up measures. This are defined for each segments of the corporate strategy, they lead to accomplishment of strategic objectives. These measures set the basis of accomplishing the strategic objectives of Porsche (Porsche Consulting Magazine, 2013, pp.2-4). For the company to have a good strategy the three steps must be followed to the letter. According to Eberhard Weiblen, President and CEO of Porsche consulting the strategy has to be developed first over a short period of time by a small project team. Further the strategy has to be clear and simple and create an emotional experience in the staff for it to be successful. Porsche has used this strategy and has yielded great results of continued profitability as well as enhancement of an exclusive brand (Cavusgil, et al., 2009, pp.44-56). Due to the steps mentioned above the company has been able to develop a strategy to work on till the year 2018 that defines concrete goals and fields of activity. This dimensions defined include market, employees, finance and customer dimensions. The main strategy is achieving the title of being the most successful manufacturer of sports cars in the world (David, 2007, pp.50-54). The consultants of Porsche consulting are being retained to accompany the development and achievement of Porsche strategy 2018. The main reasons why their company strategy procedures work so well is because they put it to test for a short period of time of six months and see the outcomes (Doole & Lowe, 2004). They also involve their employees as part of the testing face hence leading to the success of the set up procedures later on. Communication of the strategy in place also plays a huge role. This is achieved by companywide-management conferences which are attended by managers at department level (Porsche Consulting Magazine, 2013, pp.2-4). Reward Management at Porsche             Rewarding management deals with strategies and processes as well as policies being set in place to ensure the employees’ efforts are recognized. Rewarding managers depending on financial performance of the company is based on how well the company is performing financially (McDonald, 2006, pp.78-82). These include figures such as return on investments, profits achieved in the year and other financial estimates used to measure financial performance (Cavusgil, et al., 2009, pp.34-38). However this system of rewarding is not balanced hence Porsche need to change it into a more balanced form of reward system. For the reward system to be viable and to motivate employees it has to factor in other performances that have boosted the company (Calsson, 2004, pp.5-12). These include sales performance and engineering rates of the company as well. Financial performance although important is but one aspect of the whole company’s general health. The other factors th at are recognized also lead to high financial performance. High sales will generate more revenue hence boosting the financial performance of the company. Others like engineering levels and prowess of the company will reward engineers who make exceptional advancement in their engineering designs and models. If these models are exceptional they will increase revenue of the company as well as it will be able to sell these designs for a high amount (Murlis, 2004, pp.56-67). These rewards will motivate the employees, to want to excel in the many purposes in the organization, If the rewards are spread overall other measures and not financial performance only. It will lead to employees being driven to excel in all areas and not financial only. These rewards can be extrinsic as well as intrinsic rewards. Extrinsic rewards refer to promotions, gifts, bonuses and salary raise (Calsson, 2004, pp.3-8). While intrinsic rewards refer to those aimed at ensuring employee satisfaction this include, monogrammed names or plaque, trust, recognition, relationship, feedback and empowerment. Intrinsic rewards are aimed at making employees feel better within the department while extrinsic rewards are based on the performance and activities of the employee to a certain outcome. Porsche recognizes all these and carries out both extrinsic and intrinsic rewarding. The company also tries to find a balance between rewarding an employee extrinsic and intrinsic (Henderson & Reavis , 2012, pp.5-13). The rewards should be given according to an employee’s personality. Tickets to watch a basketball game has to be given to a person who is a fun and not a stay at home mum who doesn’t like basketball. Porsche also rewards not only individuals but also teams and departments (Alkhafaji, 2003, pp.22-26). The evidence shows that the type of financial rewarding mechanism of Porsche based on financial performance seems to work for the engineering activities since they are still leading in the providing of vehicle designs. However it will have better results if the other reasons for reward other than financial performance are set in place. The engineering department will work extra hard to achieve the reward. The company should consider incorporating motivational theories in rewarding its management (Brooks, 2009, pp.2-6). The two directors were Wiediking and Holger were purely driven by financial performance that led them to neglect other aspects that make a company successful such honesty and full disclosure. This requires Porsche to change its policy of only rewarding managers on financial performance basis alone. The motivation theories include process and content theories. Content theories therefore require the company to name and research on aspects that make employees to perform efficiently. The company needs to do this so as to know what motivates the employees other than financial performance. The reward system under content theories is more extrinsic they include bonuses. While process theories mainly focus on intrinsic rewards which include self-actualization, respect and recognition. Which boost employee’s confidence and improve job satisfaction of the employees (Stredwick, 2005, pp.4-9). References Alkhafaji, A. F. 2003. Strategic Management, Formulation, Implementation, and Control in a Dynamic Environment (21, Illustrated Ed.). London: Routledge BBC News. 2012. Volkswagen agrees to buy rets of Porsche for $5.6bn, Brooks, I. 2009. Organisational Behaviour (4th ed.). Essex England: Pearson Education Limited. pp. 81–89. Calsson S. A. 2004. Strategic Knowledge Managing in the Context of Networks, Chapter 32. In: Handbook on Knowledge Management Volume I, (Ed) Holsapple Clycle W Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., and Agarwal, M. R. 2009. Doing Business in Emerging markets: Entry and Negotiation Strategies. New York: Cengage. David F. R. 2007. Strategic management: Concepts and cases, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. pp. 102-134 Doole, I., and Lowe, R. 2004. International marketing strategy – analysis, development and Implementation, 4th ed. London: Thomson Learning. Fleisher CS. and Bensoussam B. E. 2003. Strategic and Competitive Analysis: Methods and Techniques for Analysing Business Competition, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Henderson. R and Reavis. C. 2009. What’s driving Porsche? MIT Sloan Management, McDonald, M. 2006. Strategic Marketing Planning: Theory and Practice. Cranfield University School of Management, The Marketing Review Murlis, M. & Armstrong H. 2004. Reward management: a handbook of remuneration strategy and practice (5th ed. ed.). London [u.a.]: Kogan Page Porsche Consulting. 2013. The Magazine Roehm, M., & Brady, M. 2007. Consumer responses to performance failures by high-equity brands. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 537-545. Stredwick, J. 2005. Introduction to Human Resource Management (1st ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Viknesh. 2012. Volkswagen completes Porshe takeover, Retrieved 12/12/2013, from: http://www.csmonitor.com/ Source document